Z-scores serve a crucial role in Lean Six Sigma by providing a consistent measure of how far a data point departs from the mean. Essentially, they transform raw data into meaningful units, allowing for precise analysis and decision-making. A positive Z-score points to a value above the mean, while a negative Z-score signifies a value below the mean

The Launch phase of a Lean Six Sigma project forms the groundwork for success. In this case study, we explore how a manufacturing company employed the Define phase to isolate inefficiencies in their production process. A cross-functional team was formed consisting of representatives from diverse departments, including operations, quality control,